How cyanide cause rapid Death !!!!!!!!!!!!

Poisons act in a variety of ways, but the most deadly of them is by inhibiting enzymes. They may do this by tying up an enzyme in the form of a stable complex, by denaturing it, or by blocking its formation from its apoenzyme and cofactor.
Cyanide acts almost instantly and only a small amount is needed for a lethal dose. The average fatal dose is only 50 or 60 milligram. Cyanide is used as gaseous hydrogen cyanide (H-C=N) and as solid salts, which contain the cyanide ions (H=N). The gas is used for extermination of insects and rodents in ships, warehouses, and railway cars and on certain fruit trees.
Cyanide has more affinity with iron atoms. So it gets tied immediately with the iron atom, which forms haeme part of the Haemoglobin. This makes the iron atom unavailable to carry oxygen atom to the tissues through haemoglobin. So oxygen deficiency at the tissue level occurs. This is called Hypoxia.
Since the poisonous substance causes it, it is also called histotoxic hypoxia. In histotoxic hypoxia the brain is affected first. It results in loss of consciousness in 10-20 seconds and death in 4-5 minutes.
Cyanide blocks the oxidation of glucose inside a cell by forming a stable complex with the oxidation enzymes. Certain enzymes of our body cells, like cytochrome oxidases, contain iron and copper atoms. They normally act by providing electrons for the reduction of oxygen in the cell. Cyanide ties up those mobile electrons, rendering them unavailable for the reduction process.
Thus, cyanide brings an abrupt end to cellular respiration. When this process, which is holding the life of an individual is stopped abruptly, it causes death in a matter of minutes, since all the cells in the body die immediately.
Administration of antidote for cyanide poison is not possible, since the fatal end comes immediately within minutes to a person who has consumed the poison. But if the quantity consumed is below the lethal dose sodium nitrate and sodium thiosulphate may be used to treat cyanide poisoning.

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I warned Benazir of terror threat, she ignored it: Mush

New Delhi: Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf has denied all involvement of the military and intelligence agencies in the assassination of former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.
Musharraf said he had, in fact, warned Benazir about the threat to her life but she had ignored his warning.
"She was informed of the threat weeks back," said Musharraf. "She wanted to go back to Liaqat Bagh. The intelligence agencies knew that there is a threat. "
Musharraf said that Benazir took the decision to go there even though the government tried to stop her.
"We stopped her from going. This time, she again decided to go and she went on her own. She went, ignoring the threat."
The President added that foreign intelligence had also known of threats to Benazir.
"Our own intelligence and a foreign Intelligence warned us about a threat to Bhutto. We advised her not to take chances. During my last telecon with Bhutto, I warned her about the security threats," Musharraf insisted.
Speaking about the probable assassins, he said, "Anyone who wants to assassinate must weigh the pros and cons. Who is the maximum gainer from doing this? Would the government be the maximum gainer or somebody else who will gain more?"
Musharraf was vehement in his denials of reports that the military was involved in the assassination, in any capacity.
"No intelligence agency in Pakistan is capable of inducting a man for a suicide attack," he asserted.
"In the last three months, there have been 19 suicide bombings, most of them against the military and the Intelligence. If the same military and Intelligence use the same people, it's a joke!" he snapped.
Musharraf said he knew he, too, was under threat.
"I have lived like this over the years," he said, adding, "I cannot say that I am very secure. I know how to protect myself."
"We have to face things boldly. We have to defeat those who are causing this threat," he said.

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25-yr-old blogs his way to LSE

Ankur Shanker is a trained engineer, but the 25-year-old loves economics. The London School of Economics is willing to admit him, but like most middle class Indians, he doesn't have enough money.
While most people would take loans or try for a scholarship, Ankur's trying something different.
"I've started a blog, www.milliondollarstory.blogspot.com. By April, I hope to earn $1,10,000 through it," says he.
Silly pipe-dream you say? But it's actually working. In just one month, 5,000 people have been to his site and Ankur's already earned more than $200.
Here's how he does it.
"There are a lot of free advertisement programs on the Internet. You fix one on your homepage. Now, every time a visitor comes to your site, the program owner pays you some money. If the visitor actually clicks on an advertisement, you get even more money," says he.
Two years ago, this website earned its owner a million dollars by just selling advertising space. An Indian girl soon tried the same stunt and she earned a neat packet too.
But Ankur's trying something different. He's posting short stories on his blog, hoping people will keep coming back for more. A new story everyday, 180 in all by April.
"I have a full time job, so I write my stories whenever I have the time. It takes me around three hours to copy edit and finalise one story," says he.
Two hundred dollars in 30 days isn't bad, but Ankur needs 500 times that much to get to London.
He says, "Maybe the blog itself won't raise all the money, but the publicity it generates just might do the trick. If a corporate sees this and decides to sponsor my studies at LSE, I promise to return and work five years exclusively for him or her."

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Monkeys pay females for sex: Scientists

Male macaque monkeys 'pay' for sex with females by grooming them, a new research has found. The availability of females even affects the 'price'.
Where there are fewer females, males must groom their partners for up to twice as long before they are able to have sex, the research found.
The male use grooming as a form of currency to buy sex from the female, the study conducted by Michael Gumert of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, found.
Sexual activity among a 50-strong group of long-tailed macaques in Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia, increased after bouts of male-to-female groom, according to findings published in Animal Behaviour Journal and reported in New Scientist.
On average, females had sex 1.5 times an hour. This increased to 3.5 times an hour immediately after the female was groomed by the male.
Gumert said unlike examples of 'reciprocal altruism' — in which one organism provides a service to another in return for getting something back at a later date — the value of sex fluctuated.
When there were several females in the area, the male monkeys would have to do only eight minutes of grooming before being able to mate. If there were fewer females than males around, a male would have to groom its partner for up to 16 minutes before sex, the research found.
The macques' behaviour is an example of a 'biological market', a theory developed by Ronald Noe of Strasbourg University, France and Peter Hammerstein of Humboldt University, Berlin.
"There is a very well-known mix of economic and mating markets in the human species. There are many examples of rich old men getting young attractive ladies," Prof Noe said.

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Rs 91-lakh tax slapped on Rani for Shirdi plot

Actor Rani Mukherji who had purchased 11,000 sq ft of land in Shirdi back in 2005, has now been told by the district administration to pay Rs 91 lakh tax if she wants the property transferred in her name.
When Rani had bought the land in 2005, she was unaware that it was farmland and could not be sold.
Though the actress paid Rs 1 lakh and 32 thousand for the registration, she was told that the ownership could not be transferred in her name as it was government land leased out to a farmer.
According to Rani’s lawyers, they will not be paying the required amount for the transfer.
The original owner of the land was a farmer who with the permission of the government had started a brick kiln in 1981. However, property prices of the area appreciated tremendously since then, so the original owner started to sell the land in bits and pieces, reports IANS.
Sampat More was also one of the buyers but he did not have his name registered in the documents and sold the land to the actress, who purchased it without verifying the document, according to IANS.

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'I don't want to see my face on TV'

On December 31 night, as the world partied away to usher in the new year, two NRI women were molested by a group of nearly 60 men near Mumbai’s Juhu beach.
While one of the victims spoke with CNN-IBN on condition of anonymity, the other spoke with a Mumbai tabloid on Thursday. Recounting the horror she described how the hooligans assaulted her.
In an interview to a city tabloid, she said, "I just want to get over the horror. I want to stop seeing my face on TV. When we came out of the hotel (early) on January 1, I did not sense any trouble. But when we were walking, the crowd just kept getting closer."
"They touched my butt and pinched me. They also began grabbing my sister-in-law. People just watched as my husband tried to protect me," PTI quoted her as telling the newspaper.
The victim’s husband, too, recounted the sequence of events. "We are the victims. We were at J W Mariott from 9 PM on December 31 and at around 2 AM we (he, his wife and two cousins) decided to leave (the hotel) and take a rickshaw back to hotel Royal Gardens,”
"Just as we stepped out, we saw a group heading towards us. They reached us and immediately began grabbing my wife. Since we were walking against the crowd it was difficult to move ahead. But then it got worse. It seemed like the whole crowd was on my wife and my cousin," he recalled.
"Then somebody pushed all of us on the ground. It seemed like they were 50 people around .... all trying to get at my wife and cousin."
The victim's husband said he and his brother tried to fight the crowd but they were too many people.
“That's when some photographers started clicking us. All of a sudden from the crowd, there emerged a man wearing a red T-shirt who tried to help us and started shouting for the police. The cops arrived in a few minutes and the crowd thinned out," he said.
Explaining the reason for not filing a police complaint, the victim's husband said, "We could not identify any of the molesters as it happened too fast. For the record neither the police nor the J W Mariott hotel should be blamed. We are all based in California and I got married just a day before this horrible incident. I have been coming to Mumbai for the last five years, but this experience on New Year has changed my perception about Mumbai," he was quoted as PTI as saying.

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Meet the material girls and the big-buck boys

Most random conversations over coffee eventually lead to relationship-related talk, is what one has figured in 2007. Fashion designer, free lance writer, brother, aspiring model, senior editor, dear friend, anonymous critique… All conversations have eventually lead to talks about men-women, status quo, marriage, money and sometimes, love and sex.
If one weren't talking, umpteen researches on everything from virginity to how your boss was affecting your sex life were constantly in the news. While 2007 proved to be the Year of the Sex Research, it was also a year of candid conversations.
One wall-to-wall conversation and a fun survey brought out some interesting interesting differences between men, women and how their changing relationship with money.
M for marriage or M for money?
The only two women who have ever purely discussed money with me have been the manager of my bank (wanted me to buy a gold coin) and a life insurance agent.
Men and women think differently of money. Most women speak of money in terms of spending: Money is that which pays your bill or lets you shop or that which you can save so that you can shop later. Most men who think money, think of it big. "When I am the partner in the firm," or "when I am a millionaire" (or even marry a millionaire's daughter), it's not about immediate spending.
Women hardly talk of becoming CEOs or region heads or millionaires… Unless they are (a) very young and single (b) jilted in love thus only thinking career (c) chronically committed to single-dom/ can't find a man (d) have a family to think of; and even then the family will always take precedence over making the bucks.
A recent research announced how in a marriage, women give preference to the man's career – say if it came to changing cities and jobs – over theirs. Even when removed from the marriage situation, women were only too happy to leave the money and go for love.
A random 'survey' of 18 people – nine men, nine women, 23-30 years old, all earning well, most live away from families, diverse nationalities and occupations – proved the same. The question asked was simple: 'If it came to a choice between marrying/being with the person of my dreams and choosing the job of my dreams (minimum million USD PM), I would choose…?'
Of the 69 % chose marriage over dream job, majority were women. Of the 45 % who chose the job/ money, majority were men. The few women who chose money (or considered it) quickly pointed out how they would have chosen love if life (and men) had taught them otherwise.
Basically, women ONLY think money when there's either a he-has-left-me involved or perhaps a what-if-he-leaves-me. If at all women think of secure future, financial independence and marriage in the same sentence, women think of marrying a man who earns well (and will not leave them).
NEXT PAGE: Girls make homes and boys make money?

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Farmers hook on to the net to reap a rich harvest

IITians are helping farmers find answers to their crop problems. And they do this with SMSes.
Standing in the middle of his vineyard with a laptop in hand, 30-year-old Sandeep Khode is perhaps the face of the new techno-savvy Indian farmer, who gets expert agricultural advice by posting queries online at www.aaqua.org.
"This site helps me get good advice and is also a great way to keep a tab on the market," says Sandeep Khode, a grape farmer.
A Brainchild of IIT Bombay, aaqua (Almost All Questions Answered) does just what its name suggests, with advice on everything from how to improve your crop to tips on marketing the produce.
"The idea was to bridge the technological divide,” says Prof Krithi Ramamritham, Dean, R&D, IIT Bombay.
Farmers can register on the website free of charge. They can then post their queries in English, Hindi or Marathi. Experts at the agricultural universities answer the queries. They can even text their queries to the number 56767666.
The website also has a handy database of frequently asked questions. With nearly 4000 registered users, farmers from across the country have been logging into a whole new kind of Green Revolution.

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